http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/javaid_the_unseen_world_of_male_rape_ijc_jan_2014.pdf
EXCERPT PAGE 19-20:
...
The next chapter helps to clarify the notion of masculinity with the assistance of feminist theory, because the creation of masculinity is vital to comprehending male rape, as the issue of rape is an issue of masculinity. Russell (1990), writing on female rape, implies that being sexually violent is masculine behavior, so rape is essentially masculine behavior. The means wherein men see themselves, and the procedures on which these views are formed, are important to comprehend why men rape other men.
4.0 Theoretical Perspectives on Explaining/Understanding Male Rape
Feminist theoretical research on sexual violence is extensive: it highlights the hidden figure of unreported rapes in official police statistics (Lees, 1997, 2002); considers views on rape; examines police responses, and attempts to eliminate rape myths to be replaced with facts (Gregory and Lees, 1999). Therefore, feminist research makes a vast contribution to the study on male violence against women, particularly with regards to sexual violence. Feminist research also plays a pivotal role in uncovering the extent of male violence against women, and reveals the effects rape has on female rape victims. Although feminist research is incrementally useful for female rape victims, little feminist research is provided for male rape victims, which is interesting as feminism seeks gender equality. Therefore, it is important to examine feminist theory, because it seeks to emphasise the gendered nature of rape. It is also vital to examine radical feminist theory in particular, because Stanko (1990) argues that men rape other men for exactly the same reasons they rape women: to exercise power and control over the victim.
4.1 Feminism
Services for managing victims of rape have ameliorated over the past ten years, but the concern of 'no-criming' still continues to raise worry; for example, it was found that the Crown Prosecution Service did not pursue high proportions of rape allegations or the police classified them as 'no-crimed' (Gregory and Lees, 1999). Here it was also found that the bulk of rapes that the police tend to mostly deal with are stranger rapes (i.e. a rape wherein the victim does not know the attacker), because they are not difficult to gather DNA evidence from. Perhaps then the police see stranger rape victims as 'real victims' and manage them with more compassion. This is proven in Lees' (1997) research where she found that the criminal justice system and society both see stranger rape as 'true' rape, rather than acquaintance rape (i.e. a rape wherein the victim knows the attacker). Nevertheless, it is apparently clear that feminist pressure to improve police guidelines in order to adequately accommodate rape victims' needs has formulated, so police treatment of rape victims has greatly improved.
SOURCE
Russell, D. (1990) Rape in Marriage. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Keine Kommentare:
Kommentar veröffentlichen